Psychological / Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental disorders.
These are conditions characterized by
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Significant disturbance in an individual’s psychological / mental processes like thinking, emotional regulation or behaviour .
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It reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, bodily, or developmental processes that underlie mental and behavioural functioning.
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These disturbances are usually associated with distress or impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
To know more, Click on the condition
Neuro-developmental disorders that arise during infancy and childhood
Neurodevelopmental disorders are behavioural and cognitive disorders that arise during the
developmental period that involve significant difficulties in the acquisition and execution of specific
intellectual, motor, or social functions. These are also known as Disorders of psychological development.
The presumptive etiology for neurodevelopmental disorders is complex, and in many individual cases is
unknown.
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Disorders of intellectual development (I.Q.)
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Developmental speech or language disorders
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Autism spectrum disorder
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Developmental learning disorder
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Developmental motor coordination disorder
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Primary tics or tic disorders
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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Stereotyped movement disorder
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorders
Schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders are characterized by significant impairments in
reality testing and alterations in behavior manifest in positive symptoms such as persistent delusions,
persistent hallucinations, disorganized thinking (typically manifest as disorganized speech), grossly
disorganized behavior, and experiences of passivity and control, negative symptoms such as blunted or
flat affect and avolition, and psychomotor disturbances. The symptoms occur with sufficient frequency
and intensity to deviate from expected cultural or subcultural norms.
- Schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorders
- Schizophrenia
- Schizoaffective disorder
- Schizotypal disorder
- Acute and transient psychotic disorder
- Delusional disorder
- Symptomatic manifestations of primary psychotic disorders
- Substance-induced psychotic disorders
- Secondary psychotic syndrome
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Catatonia is a marked disturbance in the voluntary control of movements characterized by several of the
following: extreme slowing or absence of motor activity, mutism, purposeless motor activity unrelated to
external stimuli, assumption and maintenance of rigid, unusual or bizarre postures, resistance to
instructions or attempts to be moved, or automatic compliance with instructions. Catatonia may be
diagnosed in the context of certain specific mental disorders, including Mood disorders, Schizophrenia,
and Autism spectrum disorder. Catatonia may also be caused by physical disorders.
Catatonia
- Catatonia associated with another mental disorder
- Catatonia induced by psychoactive substances, including medications
- Secondary catatonia syndrome
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Mood Disorders refers to a super ordinate grouping of Bipolar and Depressive Disorders. Mood disorders
are defined according to particular types of mood episodes and their pattern over time. The primary types
of mood episodes are Depressive episode, Manic episode, Mixed episode, and Hypomanic episode. Mood
episodes are not independently diagnosable entities, and therefore do not have their own diagnostic codes.
Rather, mood episodes make up the primary components of most of the Depressive and Bipolar
Disorders.
Bipolar or related disorders
Bipolar and related disorders are episodic mood disorders defined by the occurrence of Manic, Mixed or
Hypomanic episodes or symptoms. These episodes typically alternate over the course of these disorders
with Depressive episodes or periods of depressive symptoms.
- Bipolar type I disorder
- Bipolar type II disorder
- Cyclothymic disorder
Depressive disorders
- Single episode depressive disorder
- Recurrent depressive disorder
- Dysthymic disorder
- Mixed depressive and anxiety disorder
Symptomatic and course presentations for mood episodes in mood disorders
- Prominent anxiety symptoms in mood episodes
- Panic attacks in mood episodes
- Current depressive episode persistent
- Current depressive episode with melancholia
- Seasonal pattern of mood episode onset
- Rapid cycling
- Substance-induced mood disorders
- Secondary mood syndrome
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Anxiety or fear-related disorders
Anxiety and fear-related disorders are characterized by excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioural
disturbances, with symptoms that are severe enough to result in significant distress or significant
impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
A key differentiating feature among the Anxiety and fear-related disorders are disorder-specific foci of
apprehension, that is, the stimulus or situation that triggers the fear or anxiety. The clinical presentation of
Anxiety and fear-related disorders typically includes specific associated cognitions that can assist in
differentiating among the disorders by clarifying the focus of apprehension.
Anxiety or fear-related disorders
- Generalised anxiety disorder
- Panic disorder
- Agoraphobia
- Specific phobia
- Social anxiety disorder
- Separation anxiety disorder
- Selective mutism
- Substance-induced anxiety disorders
- Hypochondriasis
- Secondary anxiety syndrome
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Obsessive-compulsive or related disorders
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders is a group of disorders characterized by repetitive thoughts
and behaviours that are believed to share similarities in etiology and key diagnostic validators. Cognitive
phenomena such as obsessions, intrusive thoughts and preoccupations are central to a subset of these
conditions (i.e., obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis, and
olfactory reference disorder) and are accompanied by related repetitive behaviours. Hoarding Disorder is
not associated with intrusive unwanted thoughts but rather is characterized by a compulsive need to
accumulate possessions and distress related to discarding them. Also included in the grouping are body-
focused repetitive behaviour disorders, which are primarily characterized by recurrent and habitual
actions directed at the integument (e.g., hair-pulling, skin-picking) and lack a prominent cognitive aspect.
The symptoms result in significant distress or significant impairment in personal, family, social,
educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders are
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Body dysmorphic disorder
- Olfactory reference disorder
- Hypochondriasis
- Hoarding disorder
- Body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders
- Substance-induced obsessive-compulsive or related disorders
- Secondary obsessive-compulsive or related syndrome
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Disorders specifically associated with stress
Disorders specifically associated with stress are directly related to exposure to a stressful or traumatic
event, or a series of such events or adverse experiences. For each of the disorders in this grouping, an
identifiable stressor is a necessary, though not sufficient, causal factor. Although not all individuals
exposed to an identified stressor will develop a disorder, the disorders in this grouping would not have
occurred without experiencing the stressor. Stressful events for some disorders in this grouping are within
the normal range of life experiences (e.g., divorce, socio-economic problems, bereavement). Other
disorders require the experience of a stressor of an extremely threatening or horrific nature (i.e.,
potentially traumatic events). With all disorders in this grouping, it is the nature, pattern, and duration of
the symptoms that arise in response to the stressful events—together with associated functional
impairment—that distinguishes the disorders.
Disorders specifically associated with stress
- Acute stress reaction
- Post traumatic stress disorder
- Complex post traumatic stress disorder
- Prolonged grief disorder
- Adjustment disorder
- Reactive attachment disorder
- Disinhibited social engagement disorder
- Burn-out
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Dissociative disorders are characterized by involuntary disruption or discontinuity in the normal
integration of one or more of the following: identity, sensations, perceptions, affects, thoughts, memories,
control over bodily movements, or behaviour. Disruption or discontinuity may be complete, but is more
commonly partial, and can vary from day to day or even from hour to hour. The symptoms of dissociative
disorders are not due the direct effects of a medication or substance, including withdrawal effects, are not
better explained by another mental and behavioural disorder, a sleep-wake disorder, a disease of the
nervous system or other health condition, and are not part of an accepted cultural, religious, or spiritual
practice. Dissociative symptoms in dissociative disorders are sufficiently severe to result in significant
impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational or other important areas of functioning.
Dissociative disorders are
- Dissociative disorder of movement, sensation, or cognition
- Dissociative amnesia
- Trance disorder
- Possession trance disorder
- Dissociative identity disorder
- Partial dissociative identity disorder
- Depersonalization - derealization disorder
- Secondary dissociative syndrome
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Feeding or eating disorders
Feeding and Eating Disorders involve abnormal eating or feeding behaviours that are not explained by
another health condition and are not developmentally appropriate or culturally sanctioned. Feeding
disorders involve behavioural disturbances that are not related to body weight and shape concerns, such
as eating of non-edible substances or voluntary regurgitation of foods. Eating disorders include abnormal
eating behaviour and preoccupation with food as well as prominent body weight and shape concerns.
Feeding or eating disorders
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Binge eating disorder
- Avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder
- Pica
- Rumination-regurgitation disorder
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Elimination disorders include the repeated voiding of urine into clothes or bed (enuresis) and the repeated
passage of feces in inappropriate places (encopresis). Elimination disorders should only be diagnosed
after the individual has reached a developmental age when continence is ordinarily expected (5 years for
enuresis and 4 years for encopresis). The urinary or fecal incontinence may have been present from birth
(i.e., an atypical extension of normal infantile incontinence), or may have arisen following a period of
acquired bladder or bowel control. An Elimination disorder should not be diagnosed if the behaviour is
fully attributable to another health condition that causes incontinence, congenital or acquired
abnormalities of the urinary tract or bowel, or excessive use of laxatives or diuretics.
Elimination disorders are
- Enuresis
- Encopresis
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Disorders of bodily distress or bodily experience
Disorders of bodily distress and bodily experience are characterized by disturbances in the person’s
experience of his or her body. Bodily distress disorder involves bodily symptoms that the individual finds
distressing and to which excessive attention is directed. Body integrity dysphoria involves a disturbance
in the person’s experience of the body manifested by the persistent desire to have a specific physical
disability accompanied by persistent discomfort, or intense feelings of inappropriateness concerning
current non-disabled body configuration.
Disorders of bodily distress or bodily experience
- Bodily distress disorder
- Body integrity dysphoria
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviours
Disorders due to substance use and addictive behaviours are mental and behavioural disorders that
develop as a result of the use of predominantly psychoactive substances, including medications, or
specific repetitive rewarding and reinforcing behaviours.
Disorders due to substance use include single episodes of harmful substance use, substance use disorders
(harmful substance use and substance dependence), and substance-induced disorders such as substance
intoxication, substance withdrawal and substance-induced mental disorders, sexual dysfunctions and
sleep-wake disorders.
Disorders due to substance use
- Disorders due to use of alcohol
- Disorders due to use of cannabis
- Disorders due to use of synthetic cannabinoids
- Disorders due to use of opioids
- Disorders due to use of sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics
- Disorders due to use of cocaine
- Disorders due to use of stimulants including amphetamines, methamphetamine or methcathinone
- Disorders due to use of synthetic cathinones
- Disorders due to use of caffeine
- Disorders due to use of hallucinogens
- Disorders due to use of nicotine
- Disorders due to use of volatile inhalants
- Disorders due to use of MDMA or related drugs, including MDA
- Disorders due to use of dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine [PCP]
- Disorders due to use of other specified psychoactive substances, including medications
- Disorders due to use of multiple specified psychoactive substances, including medications
- Disorders due use of unknown or unspecified psychoactive substances
- Disorders due to use of non-psychoactive substances
- Catatonia induced by psychoactive substances, including medications
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Disorders due to addictive behaviours
Disorders due to addictive behaviours are recognizable and clinically significant syndromes associated
with distress or interference with personal functions that develop as a result of repetitive rewarding
behaviours other than the use of dependence-producing substances. Disorders due to addictive behaviors
include gambling disorder and gaming disorder, which may involve both online and offline behaviour.
Disorders due to addictive behaviours
- Gambling disorder
- Gaming disorder
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Impulse control disorders
Impulse control disorders are characterized by the repeated failure to resist an impulse, drive, or urge to
perform an act that is rewarding to the person, at least in the short-term, despite consequences such as
longer-term harm either to the individual or to others, marked distress about the behaviour pattern, or
significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of
functioning. Impulse Control Disorders involve a range of specific behaviours, including fire-setting,
stealing, sexual behaviour, and explosive outbursts.
Impulse control disorders are
- Pyromania
- Kleptomania
- Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder
- Intermittent explosive disorder
- Substance-induced impulse control disorders
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Disruptive behaviour or dissocial disorders
Disruptive behaviour and dissocial disorders are characterized by persistent behaviour problems that
range from markedly and persistently defiant, disobedient, provocative or spiteful (i.e., disruptive)
behaviours to those that persistently violate the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal
norms, rules, or laws (i.e., dissocial). Onset of Disruptive and dissocial disorders is commonly, though not
always, during childhood.
Disruptive behaviour or dissocial disorders
- Oppositional defiant disorder
- Conduct-dissocial disorder
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Personality disorders and related traits
Personality disorder
Personality disorder is characterized by a relatively enduring and pervasive disturbance in how
individuals experience and interpret themselves, others, and the world that results in maladaptive patterns
of cognition, emotional experience, emotional expression, and behaviour. These maladaptive patterns are
relatively inflexible and are associated with significant problems in psychosocial functioning that are
particularly evident in interpersonal relationships. The disturbance is manifest across a range of personal
and social situations (i.e., is not limited to specific relationships or situations). Personality disorder is of
long duration, typically lasting at least several years. Most commonly, it has its first manifestations in
adolescence and is clearly evident in young adult life.
Prominent personality traits or patterns
Trait domain descriptors may be used to characterize the personality features of individuals diagnosed
with Personality disorders (in the chapter on Mental and behavioural disorders) or Personality difficulty
(in the chapter on Factors influencing health status and contact with health services). A trait domain
should be coded only if its features are prominent in the personality makeup of the individual diagnosed
with Personality disorder or Personality difficulty and there is evidence that the characteristics described
by the trait domain are associated with impairment in psychosocial functioning. Multiple trait domains
may be specified, as many as necessary to capture the individual’s characteristics that are relevant to the
Personality disorder or Personality difficulty. Unless accompanied by a diagnosis of Personality disorder
or Personality difficulty, the Trait domains are not meaningful indicators or descriptors of
psychopathology. In addition, this grouping include a designation for borderline pattern in individuals
with Personality disorder, which may be used in addition to or instead of the identification of prominent
Trait domains.
Personality disorders and related traits
- Personality disorder
- Prominent personality traits or patterns
- Secondary personality change
( Source: International Classification of Diseases - 11th Edition(ICD-11), 2022 Release. )
Paraphilic disorders are characterized by persistent and intense patterns of atypical sexual arousal, manifested by sexual thoughts, fantasies, urges, or behaviours, the focus of which involves others whose age or status renders them unwilling or unable to consent and on which the person has acted or by which he or she is markedly distressed. Paraphilic disorders may include arousal patterns involving solitary behaviours or consenting individuals only when these are associated with marked distress that is not simply a result of rejection or feared rejection of the arousal pattern by others or with significant risk of injury or death.
Paraphilic disorders are
- Exhibitionistic disorder
- Voyeuristic disorder
- Pedophilic disorder
- Coercive sexual sadism disorder
- Frotteuristic disorder
( Source: International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, Beta Draft, 2018 )
Factitious disorders are characterized by intentionally feigning, falsifying, inducing, or aggravating medical, psychological, or behavioural signs and symptoms or injury in oneself or in another person, most commonly a child dependent, associated with identified deception. A pre-existing disorder or disease may be present, but the individual intentionally aggravates existing symptoms or falsifies or induces additional symptoms. Individuals with factitious disorder seek treatment or otherwise present themselves or another person as ill, injured, or impaired based on the feigned, falsified, or self-induced signs, symptoms, or injuries. The deceptive behaviour is not solely motivated by obvious external rewards or incentives (e.g., obtaining disability payments or evading criminal prosecution). This is in contrast to Malingering, in which obvious external rewards or incentives motivate the behaviour.
Factitious disorders are
- Factitious disorder imposed on self
- Factitious disorder imposed on another
( Source: International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, Beta Draft, 2018 )
Neurocognitive disorders like Dementia
Neurocognitive disorders are characterized by primary clinical deficits in cognitive functioning that are acquired rather than developmental. That is, neurocognitive disorders do not include disorders characterized by deficits in cognitive function that are present from birth or that arise during the developmental period, which are classified in the grouping neurodevelopmental disorders. Rather, neurocognitive disorders represent a decline from a previously attained level of functioning. Although cognitive deficits are present in many mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorders), only disorders whose core features are cognitive are included in the neurocognitive Disorders grouping. In cases where the underlying pathology and etiology for neurocognitive disorders can be determined, the identified etiology should be classified separately.
Neurocognitive disorders are
- Delirium
- Mild neurocognitive disorder
- Amnestic disorder
- Dementia
- Secondary neurocognitive syndrome
Dementia
Dementia is an acquired brain syndrome characterized by a decline from a previous level of cognitive functioning with impairment in two or more cognitive domains (such as memory, executive functions, attention, language, social cognition and judgment, psychomotor speed, visuoperceptual or visuospatial abilities). The cognitive impairment is not entirely attributable to normal aging and significantly interferes with independence in the person’s performance of activities of daily living. Based on available evidence, the cognitive impairment is attributed or assumed to be attributable to a neurological or medical condition that affects the brain, trauma, nutritional deficiency, chronic use of specific substances or medications, or exposure to heavy metals or other toxins.
Types of Dementia are
- Dementia due to Alzheimer disease
- Vascular dementia
- Dementia due to Lewy body disease
- Frontotemporal dementia
- Dementia due to psychoactive substances including medications
- Dementia due to diseases classified elsewhere
- Dementia, unknown or unspecified cause
( Source: International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, Beta Draft, 2018 )
Mental or behavioural disorders associated with pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
Syndromes associated with pregnancy or the puerperium (commencing within about 6 weeks after delivery) that involve significant mental and behavioural features. If the symptoms meet the diagnostic requirements for a specific mental disorder, that diagnosis should also be assigned.
Mental or behavioural disorders associated with pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
- Mental or behavioural disorders associated with pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, without psychotic symptoms
- Mental or behavioural disorders associated with pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperium, with psychotic symptoms
( Source: International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, Beta Draft, 2018 )
Psychological or behavioural factors affecting physical diseases
Psychological and behavioural factors affecting disorders or diseases classified elsewhere are those that may adversely affect the manifestation, treatment, or course of a condition classified in another chapter of the ICD. These factors may adversely affect the manifestation, treatment, or course of the disorder or disease classified in another chapter by: interfering with the treatment of the disorder or disease by affecting treatment adherence or care seeking; constituting an additional health risk; or influencing the underlying pathophysiology to precipitate or exacerbate symptoms or otherwise necessitate medical attention. This diagnosis should be assigned only when the factors increase the risk of suffering, disability, or death and represent a focus of clinical attention, and should be assigned together with the diagnosis for the relevant other condition.
Psychological or behavioural factors affecting physical diseases
- Mental disorder affecting disorders or diseases classified elsewhere
- Psychological symptoms affecting disorders or diseases classified elsewhere
- Personality traits or coping style affecting disorders or diseases classified elsewhere
- Maladaptive health behaviours affecting disorders or diseases classified elsewhere
- Stress-related physiological response affecting disorders or diseases classified elsewhere
( Source: International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, Beta Draft, 2018 )
Secondary mental or behavioural conditions associated with physical diseases
This grouping includes syndromes characterized by the presence of prominent psychological or behavioural symptoms judged to be direct pathophysiological consequences of a health condition not classified under mental and behavioural disorders, based on evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings. The symptoms are not accounted for by delirium or by another mental and behavioural disorder, and are not a psychologically mediated response to a severe medical condition (e.g., adjustment disorder or anxiety symptoms in response to being diagnosed with a life-threatening illness). These categories should be used in addition to the diagnosis for the presumed underlying disorder or disease when the psychological and behavioural symptoms are sufficiently severe to warrant specific clinical attention.
Secondary mental or behavioural syndromes associated with physical diseases
- Secondary neurodevelopmental syndrome
- Secondary psychotic syndrome
- Secondary mood syndrome
- Secondary anxiety syndrome
- Secondary obsessive-compulsive or related syndrome
- Secondary dissociative syndrome
- Secondary impulse control syndrome
- Secondary neurocognitive syndrome
- Secondary personality change
- Secondary catatonia syndrome
- Delirium due to disease classified elsewhere
( Source: International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, Beta Draft, 2018 )
Sleep-wake disorders are
- Insomnia disorders
- Hypersomnolence disorders
- Sleep-related breathing disorders
- Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
- Sleep-related movement disorders
- Certain specified sleep disorders
- Parasomnia disorders
Insomnia disorders
- Chronic insomnia
- Short-term insomnia
- Substance-induced insomnia
Hypersomnolence disorders
- Narcolepsy
- Idiopathic hypersomnolence disorder
- Kleine-Levin syndrome
- Behaviourally induced hypersomnolence
- Substance-induced hypersomnolence disorder
Sleep-related breathing disorders
- Central sleep apnoeas
- Obstructive sleep apnoea
- Sleep-related hypoventilation or hypoxemia disorders
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
- Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, delayed type
- Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, advanced type
- Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, irregular sleep-wake rhythm type
- Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, non-entrained disorder type
- Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, shift work type
- Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, jet lag type
Sleep-related movement disorders
- Restless legs syndrome
- Secondary restless legs syndrome
- Periodic limb movements disorder
- Sleep-related bruxism
- Sleep-related leg cramps
- Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder
- Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy
- REM sleep behaviour disorder
Certain specified sleep disorders
- Mixed sleep disorder
- Periodic somnolence
- Sleeptalking
- Upper airway resistance syndrome
Parasomnia disorders
- Disorders of arousal in non-REM sleep
- REM sleep behaviour disorder
- Sleep-related eating disorder
- Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
- Nightmare disorder
- Hypnogogic exploding head syndrome
- Recurrent isolated sleep-related hallucinations
- Parasomnia disorder due to substances including medications
- Nocturnal enuresis
( Source: International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, Beta Draft, 2018 )
Sexual dysfunctions
- Sexual arousal dysfunctions
- Orgasmic dysfunctions
- Ejaculatory dysfunctions
- Hypoactive sexual desire dysfunction
- Sexual dysfunction associated with pelvic organ prolapse
Sexual pain disorders
- Sexual pain-penetration disorder
- Dyspareunia
Sexual pain disorders
- Sexual pain-penetration disorder
- Dyspareunia
Gender incongruence
- Gender incongruence of adolescence or adulthood
- Gender incongruence of childhood
Paraphilic disorders
- Exhibitionistic disorder
- Voyeuristic disorder
- Pedophilic disorder
- Coercive sexual sadism disorder
- Frotteuristic disorder
- Other paraphilic disorder involving non-consenting individuals
- Paraphilic disorder involving solitary behaviour or consenting individuals
( Source: International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, Beta Draft, 2018 )
HOW DO WE TREAT ?
We treat psychological, behavioral, and mental health issues by a multidisciplinary team, using a judicious mix of various evidence-based scientific treatment methods.
Now, for clarification of the above statement:
Psychological issues:
distressing experiences of mind, causing difficulties in personal, psychosocial, and occupational functioning.
Behavioral issues:
Visible behaviours are problematic and interfere with personal, psychosocial, and occupational functioning.
Mental health issues:
Traditionally, mental illness or mental disorders.
The international classification of diseases by the World Health Organisation, lists various conditions as mental and behavioural disorders. Traditionally, they are also called mental illnesses and constitute the core of the psychiatric speciality.
At Vazhikatti, the treating team consists of psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, counselling psychologists, occupational therapists, psychiatric social workers, and mental health nurses, who are all qualified and experienced in their respective aspects of providing care.
This team approach, meets the care needs of the patient and their family members, in all the important dimensions of mental health care—biological, psychological, and social. Hence, it is also called the Bio-Psycho-Social model of care.
The Team:
A team is a group of individuals working together to achieve a goal. At Vazhikatti, the multidisciplinary team members work together to provide the best possible care to our patients.
Evidence-based scientific treatment:
At Vazhikatti, treatment decisions are optimised based on the evidence from well designed and well conducted research, in the field of psychiatry, around the world.
A judicious mix of treatment methods:
We provide highly individualised treatment depending on the nature and severity of the conditions and the underlying causes. The causes may be multiple and they may vary from individual to individual depending on age, sex, education, occupation, location, health and socioeconomic status, etc. Hence, treatment has to be personalised and optimised to meet the needs of the individual and also his family and life circumstances. This may involve counselling, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, psychosocial interventions, lifestyle interventions, etc., in varying combinations. That is what we call the judicious mix of treatment methods.
How do we treat?
5 stages of Care
Stage 1: Point of contact and telephonic triage
Stage 2: In person reception and triage
Step 3: Assessment, diagnosis and treatment planning
Stage 4: Treatment initiation
Stage 5: Reviews and follow treatment
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History collection
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Physical Examination
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Clinical diagnosis
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Psychological Assessments
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Blood test & Imaging tests
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Final Diagnosis
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Individual
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Couple
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Family
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Peer group
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Family group
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In-Patient rooms and wards
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Out-Patient consulting rooms
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Day care hall
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Home visits by a community team
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Tele psychiatry through Video / Audio calls.
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Counselling
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Pharmacotherapy
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Psychoeducation
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Psychotherapy
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Psychosocial therapy
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Deaddiction
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Occupational therapy
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Life style management
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Yoga therapy
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Electroconvulsive therapy
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Play therapy
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Rehabilitation
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NGO
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Government hospital referral
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Government financial support
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Home nurse
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Life coaching
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House call
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Employment
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Peer support
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Family group
CARE DELIVERY PROCESS
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We approach "care" in a wider sense. We start with ‘Listening’. It starts from your first point of contact with us. It may be a phone call, SMS, or email.
Listening is listening with full attention, listening with all our senses, listening to capture your hesitations, listening to understand your emotions, listening to understand your longings, and your aspirations.
Yes, our care delivery process starts with active listening. This leads to clarifying questions about what you communicate. Then, we ask our own questions, to which you will respond, which will be clarified further. In this manner, we carry out an examination, addressing all relevant areas pertaining to your problems. We will do the same with your relatives who have accompanied you, if needed.
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The process goes on till we reach the diagnosis and the issues involved in your care are understood. Then, we communicate our understanding to you to verify that what you have communicated is understood correctly by us.
We then educate you about our understanding of your condition and the possible treatment options. With further discussion, a treatment plan will be agreed upon by both of us. It will be initiated with a careful follow-up plan till you experience relief and satisfaction and till you feel healthy again.
At Vazhikatti, being the best psychiatric hospital in Coimbatore and western parts of Tamilnadu, we consciously strive hard to provide high quality mental health care for you or for your loved ones and empower you to take on your life with enthusiasm and confidence.
DISCHARGE PROCESS
DISCHARGE PROCESS:
- Once the treating consultant and the attendant feel the client is fit and fine, the time for discharge comes. Usually, discharges are decided in the morning rounds depending on the current condition of the client.
- Once the discharge is ordered by the treating consultant, it is communicated to the nurses in the ward.
- The discharge process is initiated by the attending nurse and it is communicated to the billing section.
- The hospital has to be given about three hours to complete all discharge formalities after the treating consultant has advised discharge. Regular discharges are processed after 2 pm only.
- On the other hand, the final bill amount will be communicated to the client’s attendant within an hour of the doctor’s discharge order. The attendants should be ready to pay the bills and collect the receipt by noon.
- Smooth payment of bills on time optimises everyone’s interest. A highly skilled and dedicated team of personnel are at work to ensure your stay as an inpatient is pleasant and comfortable. But your spontaneous cooperation makes their task easier.
- A discharge summary will be given to the client before leaving the ward. In case the client needs a medical leave certificate, the client/attendant has to inform the doctor or nurse in advance so that it can be prepared before the client leaves the ward.
- The nurse will hand over the signed discharge summary, which includes the doctor’s advice on further follow-up treatment, medication prescription, and other relevant documents at the time of discharge.
SOME IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
- Normal Discharge After 2.00 pm only.
- Mode of Payments – Cash, Credit Card (Master/Visa), Debit Card (Master/Visa/Maestro), UPI.
- Online Fund Transfer Please contact Billing In-Charge for details.
- For medical insurance claims, inform the admission counsellor during admission and collect the attested reimbursement form during discharge. There is no cashless facility available.
- The minimum discharge process time is 3 hours after the advice for discharge by the treating consultant.
- Medical Certificates are issued to patients as per requirement based on the facts available. This certificate is available on request from the treating consultants between 10:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. on all working days.
- Feedback: Vazhikatti welcomes your valued feedback about your experience with our overall service quality and we request you to give your feedback in the Google review section. We want to learn from your opinions / suggestions and bring the necessary changes to improve patient care.
GUIDELINES FOR PATIENT & ATTENDENTS
GENERAL RULES
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Please do not wash your personal clothes on the hospital premises.
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Please do not tip any hospital personnel.
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All payments and bill settlements must be made only at the cash counter and against a proper receipt.
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Clients, attendants, or visitors are not allowed to consume alcoholic beverages, illegal drugs, or loiter on the premises while within the hospital.
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Please avoid bringing costly items like jewellery or valuable items to the hospital. There is a possibility that they will be misplaced or lost. The hospital administration will not be held accountable for any such misplacements or losses.
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Please do not make use of candles, agarbattis, lighters, matchboxes, etc. because they can cause a hazard in a hospital and can also set off our sensitive smoke detecting system.
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If the condition of the patient in the room requires it, nursing staff may limit the number of visitors.
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Please cooperate with security and other staff.
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Please use the staircase while coming down.
PATIENT & ATTENDANT RIGHTS
As a patient or attendant, you have the following rights:
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Be treated with dignity and respect in a safe and clean environment, regardless of your age, gender, race, origin, religion, sexual orientation, or disabilities.
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Be addressed by your proper name and be informed about the names of the doctors, nurses, and other healthcare team members involved in your care.
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In care discussions, examinations, and treatments, your privacy, dignity, and confidentiality are fully protected.
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Your doctor must provide a clear and understandable explanation of your diagnosis, as well as the benefits and risks of each treatment, expected outcome, and change in medical condition.
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Be protected from physical abuse and neglect.
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Get information from the hospital about the anticipated cost of treatment and payment policies.
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As per protocol, request a copy of your medical records.
PATIENT & ATTENDANT RESPONSIBILITIES
As a patient or attendant, you are accountable for:
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For keeping appointments, being on time for appointments, and informing the hospital if you cannot adhere to the appointment timing.
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For providing complete and accurate information, including your full name, address, mobile number, date of birth, particulars of next-of-kin, employer, past illness, and medication details wherever required.
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For actively participating in your treatment plan and keeping your doctors and nurses informed of the effectiveness of your treatment.
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To be courteous and respectful to all hospital staff, other patients, and visitors; to follow hospital rules and safety regulations; to consider noise levels, privacy, and the number of visitors; and to adhere to the No Smoking policy.
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Make sure you understand all of the instructions before signing the consent forms.